Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) allow us to map and study our world. they utilize some of the latest technology as well as some of the most basic. There are many applications of mathematics used in GIS and RS to derive an incredible quantity of information about our world from massive sets of satellite imagery and data. In my presentation I will talk about two small areas: Spatial Autocorrelation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Spatial Autocorrelation deals with how data is related to itself in an XY plane, and NDVI analysis shows us the relative health of vegetation.